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Time: 12 hours
Level: Intermediate
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 Introduction Resource- This unit focuses on the seventeenth-century crises in the British Isles that led, in the 1640s, to the Civil Wars between parliamentarians and royalists in England. In the so-called Whig interpretation...
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- 1 Overview Resource
- On 22 August 1642, King Charles I raised his standard at Nottingham and effectively initiated war. This curiously archaic event was to feature in the depositions taken from witnesses at his trial (see...
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| | 2 Thinking about the causes
- 2.1 Identifying causes Resource
- Historians are in the habit of referring to ‘pre-Civil War England’ as if everyone in the 1630s knew what was about to happen. There were certainly signs that the relations between the king and a significant...
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| | 3 How did relations between the king and his subjects break down?
- 3.1 Charles I and the eleven years’ personal rule in England and Wales Resource
- Charles I succeeded as king on James I's death in 1625. James had resented parliament's demands for power over royal policy, but realised that he could not govern, even in peacetime, on the income he had....
- The king and the church Resource
- Apart from concerns about the propriety of the king governing without parliament and conducting a foreign policy allying him with the Catholic powers of Europe, his subjects harboured deep suspicions about...
- 3.3 Personal rule or tyranny 1629–40? Resource
- What I hope you have seen from this section so far, is how Charles I managed to alienate both his ordinary subjects and those whom we might call members of the political nation – MPs and peers, and the...
- 3.4 Scotland, the prayer book and the bishops’ wars Resource
- James VI had managed to make himself the most powerful king of Scotland since Robert the Bruce. He replaced the medieval idea of personal monarchy with the divine right of kings and bought the acquiescence...
- 3.5 The Short Parliament and the early months of the Long Parliament Resource
- We left Charles in England governing without parliament, with an income raised by a variety of contrivances and Archbishop Laud embarking on church reforms that roused popular opposition and encouraged...
- 3.6 Ireland and 1641 Resource
- Despite its proximity to England and the familiarity of Irish people to the English, Ireland was an object of almost anthropological curiosity. English rulers had, since Henry VIII declared himself King...
- 3.7 Back to England Resource
- How was it that since the autumn of 1641 matters had deteriorated to such a point that parliament required an army with which to confront the king? Parliament had already shown itself susceptible to the...
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- 4 Taking sides Resource
- So far, we have looked at the events leading up to the outbreak of war and we might discern in them some of the causes of war. But we have already seen that finding a direct causal connection between one...
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- Conclusion Resource
- The causes of the Civil War have been a subject for debate virtually since the war began. Rushworth and Nalson were writing about them in the seventeenth century. You may remember that both wrote their...
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| | References and Acknowledgements | |
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